445 lines
14 KiB
HTML
445 lines
14 KiB
HTML
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="de">
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Einführung in Linux</title>
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<meta name="description" content="YALC - Yet Another Linux Course ">
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<meta name="author" content="Daniel Schubert">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/league.css" id="theme">
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<link rel="icon" href="img/openlogo-nd-25.png" type="img/png">
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<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
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<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
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<script>
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var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
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link.rel = 'stylesheet';
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link.type = 'text/css';
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link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
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document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
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</script>
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<style type="text/css">
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.reveal img{ max-height: 60vh}
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</style>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="reveal">
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<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
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<div class="slides">
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="zoom">
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<h1>LINUX</h1>
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<h3>Das universelle Betriebssystem</h3>
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<p>Eine Einführung - Teil 12
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<p> <small>Deutsche Angestellten Akademie</small> </p>
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<aside class="notes">
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Frage: Fragen zur letzten Stunde?
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</aside>
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</section>
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<section><h3>screen</h3>
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Ein Terminal Multiplexer
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment ">erzeugt mehrere virtuelle Konsolen</li>
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<li class="fragment ">nützlich bei ssh Sitzungen</li>
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<li class="fragment ">abgebrochene Sitzungen können fortgesetzt werden</li>
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<li class="fragment "><pre><code class="bash">~$ sudo apt install screen && screen</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<table style="font-size: .6em">
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<tbody>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">
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Gängige screen-Kommandos
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A a</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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Strg-A senden (Cursor am Zeilenanfang positionieren)
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A c</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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neues Fenster öffnen
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A n</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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zum nächsten Fenster wechseln
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A p</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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zum vorigen Fenster wechseln
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A w</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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Titel aller Fenster anzeigen
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A “</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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Fenster-Menü einblenden
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A ?</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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Hilfe einblenden
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A x</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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Terminal sperren
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A k</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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aktuelles Fenster schließen („kill“)
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A 0</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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zum Fenster 0 ...
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A 9</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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... bis 9 wechseln
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A d</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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screen in den Hintergrund schicken („detach“)
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td class="heise-table-header" style="text-align:left;">
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<strong>Strg-A [</strong>
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</td>
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<td style="text-align:left;">
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in den Kopier/Scroll-Modus wechseln
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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<aside class="notes"> ^a d </aside>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>Eine Sitzung wieder aufnehmen:
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<div ><pre><code class=bash>~$ screen -ls
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There are screens on:
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10104.pts-0.laptopdan (05.02.2019 11:11:36) (Detached)
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9108.pts-0.laptopdan (05.02.2019 11:06:29) (Detached)
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2 Sockets in /run/screen/S-dany.
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~$ screen -r 10104.pts-0.laptopdan</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<span style="color: orange">Aufgabe:</span>
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<ul>
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<li>beginnt eine screen Sitzung auf dem Server lk.schubertdaniel.de</li>
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<li>öffnet in screen mit einem Editor eine beliebige Datei</li>
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<li>detached die screen Sitzung mit „CTL-a d“</li>
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<li>meldet euch vom server ab</li>
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<li>meldet euch wieder beim server an</li>
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<li>re-attached euch mit der screen Sitzung</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<a href="https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Screen/">https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Screen/</a>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>Alternativen zu screen:
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<ul>
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<li>tmux</li>
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<li>byobu -> screen in hübsch</li>
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</ul>
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<hr>
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<p>Sonstige Helferlein
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<ul>
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<li>terminator -> kann befehle an mehrere Server zugleich senden</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#b5533c" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h3>sshd - der SSH-Server-Daemon</h3>
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</section>
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<section>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ ssh localhost</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>ssh Server absichern</h4>
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<code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>
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<pre><code class=bash>
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# https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_standardisierten_Ports
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Port 64322
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# root login verbieten
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PermitRootLogin no
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# anmeldung nur mit ssh-key erlauben
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PasswordAuthentication no
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</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section><h4>fail2ban</h4>
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<a href="https://www.thomas-krenn.com/de/wiki/SSH_Login_unter_Debian_mit_fail2ban_absichern">https://www.thomas-krenn.com/de/wiki/SSH_Login_unter_Debian_mit_fail2ban_absichern</a></section>
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<section>
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<span style="color: orange">Fingerübung:</span>
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<ul>
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<li>baut ein Script welches die fail2ban Filterregel auslöst</li>
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<li>durch viele Anmeldeversuche in kurzer Zeit</li>
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<li>seht euch die entsprechenden Log-Files an </li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section><h4>Firewall</h4>
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<ul>
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<li >iptables</li>
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<li >nftables</li>
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<li>shorewall</li>
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<li>GUI : gufw </li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#b5533c" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h3>Programme zur Netzwerk Analyse</h3>
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</section>
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<section>
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<pre><code class="bash">#zeige tcp verbindungen
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~$ ss -tp
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# zeige offene ports
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~$ ss -tl
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~$ ss -tulpe
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~$ ss -s
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~$ watch -n 1 "ss -t state syn-sent"
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# netstat liefert im Prinzip dasselbe, gilt als veraltet
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~$ netstat -tulpe
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~$ netstat -s
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</code></pre> </li>
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</section>
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<section>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ traceroute omikron.net</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ traceroute6 omikron.net</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ ping -a -c3 omikron.net</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ ping6 -c3 omikron.net</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>nslookup, dig, whois
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<pre><code class="bash"># eine ip Adresse bei Quad9 nachfragen:
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# dig tut dasselbe..
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~$ nslookup -query=AAAA schubertdaniel.de 2620:fe::fe
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</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="bash"># gab vor Einführung der DSGVO Name und
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# Adresse des domain Inhabers aus...
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~$ whois schubertdaniel.de</code></pre>
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<div class="fragment">
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<p>in USA geht das noch über die ICANN :
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<a href="https://whois.icann.org/en/lookup?name=google.com">https://whois.icann.org/en/lookup?name=google.com</a>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>nmap -> Portscanning
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ nmap -A -T4 schubertdaniel.de</code></pre>
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<a href="https://nmap.org/man/de/">https://nmap.org/man/de/</a>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>GUI Programme</h4>
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<p>wireshark -> Netzwerkpakete mitschneiden und analysieren
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<p>zenmap -> nmap GUI
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<p>etherape -> Netzwerkumgebung untersuchen
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ sudo apt install etherape</code></pre>
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<aside class="notes">etherape installieren lassen</aside>
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</section>
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<section>Eine Liste von Netzwerk Monitoring Programmen:
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<a href="https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Netzwerk-Monitoring/">https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Netzwerk-Monitoring/</a></section>
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<section>
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<p>cURL / wget</p>
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<pre><code class="bash">
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# Datei runterladen
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~$ wget http://gute-datei.wow
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~$ curl http://{one,two}.example.com -o "file_#1.txt"
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</code></pre>
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<pre><code class="bash">~$ # pipe curl to bash
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~$ curl https://www.schubertdaniel.de/linuxkurs/supi | bash </code></pre>
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<div class="fragment">BAD IDEA !!</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>Komplette Webseite herunterladen
|
||
|
|
<pre><code class="bash">~$ wget \
|
||
|
|
--recursive \
|
||
|
|
--no-clobber \
|
||
|
|
--page-requisites \
|
||
|
|
--html-extension \
|
||
|
|
--convert-links \
|
||
|
|
--domains website.org \
|
||
|
|
--no-parent \
|
||
|
|
omikron.net</code></pre>
|
||
|
|
<div class="fragment">Gegenüberstellung <a href="https://daniel.haxx.se/docs/curl-vs-wget.html">cUrl vs. wget </a> </div>
|
||
|
|
</section>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<section>
|
||
|
|
<p>lynx
|
||
|
|
<div>
|
||
|
|
<img src="img/screenshot-lynx.png">
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</section>
|
||
|
|
<section>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li class="fragment ">samba</li>
|
||
|
|
<li class="fragment ">mysql</li>
|
||
|
|
<li class="fragment ">apache</li>
|
||
|
|
<li class="fragment ">kernelmodule</li>
|
||
|
|
<li class="fragment ">kernel kompilieren</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
</section>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<section>
|
||
|
|
Übungen
|
||
|
|
C 11.11 [3] Besorgen Sie sich eine geeignete Datei (etwa ein größeres tar -Ar-
|
||
|
|
chiv mit Quellcode, vielleicht für den Linux-Kernel) und komprimieren Sie
|
||
|
|
sie jeweils mit gzip , bzip2 und xz . Messen Sie dabei die Ausführungszeit
|
||
|
|
durch ein vorgesetztes time . Wie verhalten die Laufzeiten und die Kompri-
|
||
|
|
mierungsraten sich zueinander?
|
||
|
|
C 11.12 [2] Experimentieren Sie mit der Datei aus der vorigen Aufgabe und
|
||
|
|
vergleichen Sie die Laufzeit und die Größe des Resultats für xz mit verschie-
|
||
|
|
denen Effizienz-Optionen. Was ist der Unterschied zwischen -1 und -6 und
|
||
|
|
zwischen -6 und -9 ?
|
||
|
|
</section>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<script src="lib/js/head.min.js"></script>
|
||
|
|
<script src="js/reveal.js"></script>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<script>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// More info https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
|
||
|
|
Reveal.initialize({
|
||
|
|
controls: true,
|
||
|
|
progress: true,
|
||
|
|
history: true,
|
||
|
|
center: true,
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
transition: 'slide', // none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
// More info https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#dependencies
|
||
|
|
dependencies: [
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'lib/js/classList.js', condition: function() { return !document.body.classList; } },
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/marked.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/markdown.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'plugin/highlight/highlight.js', async: true, callback: function() { hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad(); } },
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'plugin/search/search.js', async: true },
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'plugin/zoom-js/zoom.js', async: true },
|
||
|
|
{ src: 'plugin/notes/notes.js', async: true }
|
||
|
|
]
|
||
|
|
});
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</script>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</body>
|
||
|
|
</html>
|