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parent
c17a7e3b42
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8.html
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8.html
@ -120,6 +120,7 @@
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<td style="padding:4px 8px;line-height:118%;">Reboot. Alle Netzverbindungen werden geschlossen, Dateipuffer werden geschrieben, Mounts auf Partitionen werden entfernt.
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</td></tr></tbody></table>
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</section>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h2>Part 5 - systemd</h2>
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@ -139,6 +140,12 @@
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>Der Boot-Ablauf mit systemd</h4>
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<img style="max-height: 50vh" src="img/startup-systemd.png">
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<p><small> Das initramfs ist ein komprimiertes Archiv, das für den Systemstart benötigte Dateien enthält.</small>
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</section>
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<section>
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<p>systemd ist organisiert mit
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<ul>
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@ -161,100 +168,14 @@
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<li class="fragment ">Systemstatus anzeigen:<pre><code>systemctl status</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Liste der fehlgeschlagenene Units <pre><code>systemctl --failed</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Liste aller installierter Units<pre><code>systemctl list-unit-files</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<section>
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<h3>Dienste Steuern</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment ">Laufende Dienste anzeigen:<pre><code>systemctl</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Eine Unit starten <pre><code>systemctl start DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Eine Unit neu starten<pre><code>systemctl restart DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Unit Status anzeigen<pre><code>systemctl status DIENST</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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<div>Default Target<pre><code>systemctl get-default</code></pre></div>
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<div class="fragment ">Alle Targets<pre><code>systemctl list-units --type target</code></pre></div >
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</section>
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<section>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment ">Dienst Autostart anschalten<pre><code>systemctl enable DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Dienst Autostart anschalten und sofort starten<pre><code>systemctl enable --now DIENST</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Eine unit</h3>
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<pre style="font-size: .4em"><code>[Unit]
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Description=OpenBSD Secure Shell server
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After=network.target auditd.service
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ConditionPathExists=!/etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run
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[Service]
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EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/ssh
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ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t
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ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS
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ExecReload=/usr/sbin/sshd -t
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ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
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KillMode=process
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Restart=on-failure
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RestartPreventExitStatus=255
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Type=notify
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RuntimeDirectory=sshd
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RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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Alias=sshd.service
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</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<span style="color: orange">Aufgabe:</span> Erstellt eine Unit und startet sie.
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<div class="fragment">
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<code style="font-size: .5em">/etc/systemd/system/simple-webserver.service</code>
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<pre><code>[Unit]
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Description=Simple Web Server
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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ExecStart=/home/USERNAME-HIER-EINSETZEN/hello-web.sh
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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</code></pre>
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<code style="font-size: .5em">~/hello-web.sh</code>
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<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
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cd /home/
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python3 -m http.server 8082 </code></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section>
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<pre><code>systemctl start simple-webserver.service</code></pre>
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<pre><code>systemctl status simple-webserver.service</code></pre>
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Wenn das gescheitert sein sollte:
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<pre><code>journalctl -xe </code></pre>
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<pre><code>journalctl --unit=simple-webserver.service </code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>Browser öffnen: <code>http://localhost:8082/BENUTZERNAME</code></section>
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<section><h4>Ändern der Standard-Units</h4>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment "> <pre><code>systemctl edit unit</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment "> Öffnet <code>/etc/systemd/system/unit.d/override.conf</code></li>
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<li class="fragment ">UnDo: <pre><code>systemctl revert unit</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>Ensprechenungen der alten Runlevel und der neuen Targets</h4>
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<table class="wikitable" style="font-size:.4em">
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@ -301,44 +222,181 @@ python3 -m http.server 8082 </code></pre>
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</tbody></table>
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</section>
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<section>
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Ausserdem:
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<section>
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<h3>Dienste Steuern</h3>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment ">Laufende Dienste anzeigen:<pre><code>systemctl</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Eine Unit starten <pre><code>systemctl start DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Eine Unit neu starten<pre><code>systemctl restart DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Unit Status anzeigen<pre><code>systemctl status DIENST</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment ">Dienst Autostart anschalten<pre><code>systemctl enable DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Dienst Autostart anschalten und sofort starten<pre><code>systemctl enable --now DIENST</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment ">Dienst Autostart abschalten<pre><code>systemctl disable DIENST</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h3>Eine unit</h3>
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<code style="font-size: .4em">/lib/systemd/system/ssh.service</code>
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<pre style="font-size: .4em"><code>[Unit]
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Description=OpenBSD Secure Shell server
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After=network.target auditd.service
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ConditionPathExists=!/etc/ssh/sshd_not_to_be_run
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[Service]
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EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/ssh
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ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/sshd -t
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ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $SSHD_OPTS
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ExecReload=/usr/sbin/sshd -t
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ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
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KillMode=process
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Restart=on-failure
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RestartPreventExitStatus=255
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Type=notify
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RuntimeDirectory=sshd
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RuntimeDirectoryMode=0755
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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Alias=sshd.service
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</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<span style="color: orange">Aufgabe:</span> Erstellt eine Unit und startet sie.<p>
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd#Writing_unit_files
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<div class="fragment">
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<code style="font-size: .5em">/etc/systemd/system/simple-webserver.service</code>
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<pre><code>[Unit]
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Description=Simple Web Server
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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ExecStart=/home/USERNAME-HIER-EINSETZEN/hello-web.sh
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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</code></pre>
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<code style="font-size: .5em">~/hello-web.sh</code>
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<pre><code>#!/bin/bash
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cd /home/
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python3 -m http.server 8082 </code></pre>
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment ">mount -> systemd kann Dateisysteme mounten</li>
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<li class="fragment ">timer -> systemd kann cron ersetzen</li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>journalctl</h4>
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Das logging system moderner Linux Distributionen.
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</section>
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<section>
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<pre><code>systemctl start simple-webserver.service</code></pre>
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<pre><code>systemctl status simple-webserver.service</code></pre>
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Wenn das gescheitert sein sollte:
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<pre><code>journalctl -xe </code></pre>
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<pre><code>journalctl --unit=simple-webserver.service </code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>systemctl</h4>
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</section>
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<section>Browser öffnen: <code>http://localhost:8082/BENUTZERNAME</code></section>
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<section><h4>Ändern der Standard-Units</h4>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h2>Part 5 - daemons</h2>
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<ul>
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<li class="fragment "> <pre><code>systemctl edit unit</code></pre></li>
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<li class="fragment "> Öffnet <code>/etc/systemd/system/unit.d/override.conf</code></li>
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<li class="fragment "> Aktualiseren <code>systemctl daemon-reload </code></li>
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<li class="fragment ">UnDo: <pre><code>systemctl revert unit</code></pre></li>
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</ul>
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</section>
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<section>
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timer als cron Ersatz
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<pre><code>systemctl list-timers --all</code></pre>
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<div class="fragment">die Timer Datei muss den selben namen haben wie das Unit-File<p><code>toller-dienst.service</code><p><code>toller-dienst.timer</code></div>
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<aside class="notes">
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timer datei ansehen
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</aside>
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</section>
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<section>
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https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Systemd/Timers
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<aside class="notes">üben doku lesen</aside>
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</section>
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<section>
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<span style="color: orange">Aufgabe:</span> Erstellt einen Backup Service, der per systemd Timer einmal wöchentlich läuft.
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<div class="fragment">
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<code style="font-size: .5em">/etc/systemd/system/backup.timer</code>
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<pre><code>
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[Unit]
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Description=Run backup.sh weekly
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[Timer]
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OnCalendar=weekly
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Persistent=true
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[Install]
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WantedBy=timers.target
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</code></pre>
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</div>
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</section>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h2>Part 6 - Uhrzeit und Datum</h2>
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</section>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h2>Part 7 - Startup / Shutdown</h2>
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<section>
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<h4>Der Boot-Ablauf mit systemd</h4>
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<img style="max-height: 50vh" src="img/startup-systemd.png">
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<p><small> Das initramfs ist ein komprimiertes Archiv, das für den Systemstart benötigte Dateien enthält.</small>
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<code style="font-size: .5em">/etc/systemd/system/backup.service</code>
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<pre><code>
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[Unit]
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Description=Backup 2000
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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ExecStart=/home/USERNAME-HIER-EINSETZEN/bin/backup.sh
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<code style="font-size: .5em">~/bin/backup.sh</code>
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<pre style="font-size: .4em"><code>#!/bin/bash
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tar -czf "/home/USERNAME/archiv/backup-`date +%d-%m-%Y`.tar.gz" /home/USERNAME/arbeit/
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</code></pre>
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</section>
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<section>
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<h4>journalctl</h4>
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<pre><code>journalctl</code></pre>
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<pre><code>journalctl -xe</code></pre>
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<pre><code>journalctl --unit=backup.service </code></pre>
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<aside class="notes">man journalctl</aside>
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</section>
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<section>
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timedatectl
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<p>https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Systemzeit/
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<p>https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/7/html/system_administrators_guide/sect-managing_services_with_systemd-targets
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</section>
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<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="convex">
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<h2>Part 7 - Startup / Shutdown</h2>
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</section>
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</div>
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</div>
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101
9.html
Normal file
101
9.html
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
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<!doctype html>
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<html lang="de">
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>Einführung in Linux</title>
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<meta name="description" content="YALC - Yet Another Linux Course ">
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<meta name="author" content="Daniel Schubert">
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||||
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<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes">
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||||
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">
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||||
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
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||||
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/league.css" id="theme">
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||||
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||||
<link rel="icon" href="img/openlogo-nd-25.png" type="img/png">
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<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css">
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||||
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
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<script>
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var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
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link.rel = 'stylesheet';
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link.type = 'text/css';
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||||
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
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||||
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
|
||||
</script>
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||||
<style type="text/css">
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||||
.reveal img{ max-height: 60vh}
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||||
</style>
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||||
|
||||
</head>
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||||
|
||||
<body>
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||||
<div class="reveal">
|
||||
<!-- Any section element inside of this container is displayed as a slide -->
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||||
<div class="slides">
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||||
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||||
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="#4d7e65" data-background-transition="zoom">
|
||||
<h1>LINUX</h1>
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<h3>Das universelle Betriebssystem</h3>
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||||
<p>Eine Einführung - Teil 9
|
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<p>
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||||
<small>Deutsche Angestellten Akademie</small>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
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||||
<aside class="notes">
|
||||
Frage: Fragen zur letzten Stunde?
|
||||
</aside>
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||||
</section>
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||||
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||||
<section data-transition="slide" data-background="lightblue" data-background-transition="zoom">
|
||||
<h2 style="text-shadow: 5px 4px 15px black;">Systemverwaltung</h2>
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||||
</section>
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||||
<section>
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||||
Dateisysteme mounten
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||||
</section>
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||||
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||||
<section>Netzwerke</section>
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||||
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||||
<section>IP Adressen</section>
|
||||
|
||||
<section>SSH</section>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="lib/js/head.min.js"></script>
|
||||
<script src="js/reveal.js"></script>
|
||||
|
||||
<script>
|
||||
|
||||
// More info https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#configuration
|
||||
Reveal.initialize({
|
||||
controls: true,
|
||||
progress: true,
|
||||
history: true,
|
||||
center: true,
|
||||
|
||||
transition: 'slide', // none/fade/slide/convex/concave/zoom
|
||||
|
||||
// More info https://github.com/hakimel/reveal.js#dependencies
|
||||
dependencies: [
|
||||
{ src: 'lib/js/classList.js', condition: function() { return !document.body.classList; } },
|
||||
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/marked.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
|
||||
{ src: 'plugin/markdown/markdown.js', condition: function() { return !!document.querySelector( '[data-markdown]' ); } },
|
||||
{ src: 'plugin/highlight/highlight.js', async: true, callback: function() { hljs.initHighlightingOnLoad(); } },
|
||||
{ src: 'plugin/search/search.js', async: true },
|
||||
{ src: 'plugin/zoom-js/zoom.js', async: true },
|
||||
{ src: 'plugin/notes/notes.js', async: true }
|
||||
]
|
||||
});
|
||||
|
||||
</script>
|
||||
|
||||
</body>
|
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</html>
|
||||
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